Brain blanks out when viewing other races: study; But research shows lack of

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Brain blanks out when viewing other races: study; But research shows lack of
empathy response can change

 

Allison Cross
Edmonton Journal , May 1, 2010

 

New research by Canadian scientists into the origins of human prejudice has
found the brain responds differently when interacting with someone of a
different race.

 

"We know that prejudice exists, even in subtle forms, and has chan ged
over the years," said Michael Inzlicht, one of the study's authors and an
assistant professor of psychology at the University of Toronto Scarborough.
"But we wanted to see how that would manifest itself in the brain."

 

Participants in the study -- all white men -- watched videos of white,
black, South Asian and East Asian men picking up a glass of water and taking
a sip.

 

While the white men watched the videos, scientists hooked them up to
electroencephalogram machines (EEG), which monitored whether or not their
brains mimicked what they saw. Scientists found there was less activity in
the motor-cortex area of the brain when the white men were watching someone
of a different race. Typically the brain responds as though it's performing
the action itself.

 

"What we found is that there is a basic difference in the way peoples'
brains react to those from other ethnic backgrounds," said PhD student
Jennifer Gutsell, another author of the study. "Observing someone of a
different race produced significantly less motor-cortex activity than
observing a person of one's own race. In other words, people were less
likely to mentally simulate the actions of other-race than same-race
people."

 

The brain's ability to mimic or simulate an action, sometimes called the
mirror-neuron-system, is linked to the brain's ability to feel empathy by
mirroring the emotions of others, Inzlicht said.

 

"Evolutionary biologists or psychologists, they say these are the building
blocks for empathy," he said. "This doesn't mean this is inevitable or this
is natural or it can't be changed. In fact, you've got lots of research that
shows it can change."

 

The study looked at the brain activity of white men observing white and
non-white men, but the results aren't likely to be any different if
researchers monitored the brain activity of another race, Inzlicht said.

 

"There's nothing special with white men or black men or others," he said.

 

Inzlicht said similar studies have monitored participants as they watched
someone of a different race express an emotion, like sadness.

 

"When that someone else belonged to a different group, they didn't simulate
those emotions and that was true if you were white and you were observing
someone black or if you were South Asian and you were observing someone East
Asian," he said.

 

The next step in the research by Inzlicht and Gutsell is looking at how
people can change.

 

The study was published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.

 

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